Troubleshooting Inconsistent Engraving Depth on the Ray5 20W

Troubleshooting Inconsistent Engraving Depth on the Ray5 20W Inconsistent engraving — some areas deeper, some lighter, or depth varying across the bed — has several causes. Here's how to diagnose and fix each. Common Symptoms Engraving darker on one side of the bed than the other Depth varies across a single design Correct settings one session, too light/dark the next Horizontal banding (lines of alternating depth) Cause 1 — Uneven Material Surface Test: Lay a ruler across the material. Is there any bow or warp? Fix: Clamp/tape material flat before engraving Add weight to warped areas MDF can absorb moisture and bow — let acclimate to shop Cause 2 — Incorrect or Inconsistent Focus Test: Run a focus ramp test — is sharpest focus consistently in one position? Fix: Re-calibrate focal height Ensure laser head clamp is tight (loose head = variable height) Check for debris under material raising one side Cause 3 — Dirty or Damaged Lens Test: Inspect lens with a loupe or strong magnification. Fix: Clean with IPA on lens-cleaning swab Replace if scratched or pitted (Ray5 uses common lens size) Cause 4 — Horizontal Banding Regular horizontal bands at consistent spacing = mechanical issue. Causes: Y-axis belt tension uneven V-wheels worn or not seated Frame not square Fix: Check belt tension, adjust V-wheels, re-square frame Cause 5 — Power Supply Sag Engraving lighter toward end of long jobs = power supply struggling. Fix: Run on dedicated outlet (not shared with other equipment) Check laser power setting isn't near max for extended periods (use 80% max for long jobs) Cause 6 — Speed Acceleration On direction changes at high speed, the laser dwells slightly longer = darker areas at edges. Fix: Enable Overscan in LightBurn (2–5%) — extends travel beyond the design area before turning.

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